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Naziv
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Use of Known Windows Credentials
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Sažetak
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An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the domain, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. Attacks leveraging trusted Windows credentials typically result in the adversary laterally moving within the local Windows network, since users are often allowed to login to systems/applications within the domain using their Windows domain password. This domain authentication can occur directly (user typing in their password or PIN) or via Single Sign-On (SSO) or cloud-based authentication, which often don't verify the authenticity of the user's input. Known credentials are usually obtained by an adversary via a system/application breach and/or by purchasing dumps of credentials on the dark web. These credentials may be further gleaned via exposed configuration and properties files that contain system passwords, database connection strings, and other sensitive data. Utilizing known Windows credentials, an adversary can obtain sensitive data from administrator shares, download/install malware on the system, pose as a legitimate user for social engineering purposes, and more. Ultimately, successful spoofing and impersonation of trusted credentials can lead to an adversary breaking authentication, authorization, and audit controls with the target system or application.
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Preduvjeti
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The system/application is connected to the Windows domain.|The system/application uses one factor password-based authentication, SSO, and/or cloud-based authentication.|The system/application does not have a sound password policy that is being enforced.|The system/application does not implement an effective password throttling mechanism.|The adversary possesses a list of known Windows user accounts and corresponding passwords that may exist on the target.
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Rješenja
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['Leverage multi-factor authentication for all authentication services and prior to granting an entity access to the domain network.', 'Create a strong password policy and ensure that your system enforces this policy.', 'Ensure users are not reusing username/password combinations for multiple systems, applications, or services.', 'Do not reuse local administrator account credentials across systems.', 'Deny remote use of local admin credentials to log into domain systems.', 'Do not allow accounts to be a local administrator on more than one system.', 'Implement an intelligent password throttling mechanism. Care must be taken to assure that these mechanisms do not excessively enable account lockout attacks such as CAPEC-2.', 'Monitor system and domain logs for abnormal credential access.']
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